Sunday, May 21, 2017

Why Did St. Matthew Mention Peter Walking On The Water?

During the fourth watch of the night, he came toward them, walking on the sea. When the disciples saw him walking on the sea they were terrified. “It is a ghost,” they said, and they cried out in fear. At once Jesus spoke to them, “Take courage, it is I; do not be afraid.” Peter said to him in reply, “Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the water.” He said, “Come.” Peter got out of the boat and began to walk on the water toward Jesus. But when he saw how strong the wind was he became frightened; and, beginning to sink, he cried out, “Lord, save me!” Immediately Jesus stretched out his hand and caught him, and said to him, “O you of little faith, why did you doubt?” After they got into the boat, the wind died down.[1]

            I recall the first--and only—time that I tried my hand at night fishing on a bass boat.  I had never seen the night so black.  I couldn't see the stumps in the water nor the fallen trees.  I couldn't see where to cast my lure.  To top it off, you couldn’t call me a swimmer; so, if I had hit something and fell overboard—even though I was wearing a life vest—well, it would not have been pretty.  To say the least, I was apprehensive.  At that time, the water was calm.  I can imagine how the disciples felt, being tossed about by the wind and waves, having no idea where they were on the water, the water probably entering the boat, etc.  From pictures I have seen of the fishing boats of that era, the boats were built pretty low to the water.  I’m stating this because, when it comes to this passage, most of the time whoever is preaching is referring to the fact that “we need to get out of our comfort zone.”  Well, let me assure you: The disciples were not in their comfort zone.  Yes, there are times when we need to step out boldly, not submitting to fear.  This is shown in the fact that the disciples obeyed Jesus by getting into the boat, knowing that it was common for storms to suddenly arise on the sea.  I say this because St. Jerome tells us that the Apostles were reluctant to leave Him: “Rightly had the Apostles departed from the Lord as unwilling and slow to leave Him, lest they should suffer shipwreck while He was not with them.”[2]  So, what is St. Matthew trying to teach us by relating this story?

           Just prior to our passage, we learn that Jesus “made the disciples get into the boat and precede him to the other side.”[3]  In other words, He forced them to get into the boat, knowing what was going to happen to them.  For what purpose did our Lord force His disciples to get into the boat, knowing a tempest was going to beset them?  In order to arrive at an answer, we need to keep in mind that everything that besets us is for our salvation and the salvation of others.  Part of salvation is also our sanctification.  We cannot separate the two.
            The Twelve--albeit one would betray Him, which we all do when we sin--were the foundation of the Church.  They were the first bishops of the Church.  Our Lord was probably looking forward to His Passion, death, resurrection, and ascension, and also the descent of the Holy Spirit.  He was looking forward to the time when the Catholic Church would be His visible Body to the world.  It was necessary that He increase the faith of His disciples.
            Previously, the disciples had been in a boat during a storm, but Jesus was with them, albeit asleep.  They had awakened Him, and He calmed the storm.  St John Chrysostom notes: “Again, the disciples suffer shipwreck, as they had done before; but then they had Him in the boat, but now they are alone.  Thus, gradually He leads them to higher things, and instructs them to endure all manfully.  He suffers them to be tossed the whole night, exciting their hearts by fear, and inspiring them with greater desire and more lasting recollection of Him.  For this reason, He did not stand by them immediately, but as it follows: ‘In the fourth watch of the night, He came to them walking upon the sea,’ teaching them not to seek a speedy riddance of coming evil but to bear manfully such things as befall them.”[4]  In that our Lord is increasing the Apostles’ faith and sanctifying them, He also places the difficulties we face in front of us for the same purpose.
            St. Augustine reminds us:  "But while Christ prays on high, the boat is tossed with great waves in the deep; and, inasmuch as the waves rise, [the] boat can be tossed; but, because Christ prays, it cannot be sunk.  Think of that boat as the Church, and the stormy sea as this world."  “That He commands His disciples to enter the ship and to go across the sea,” St. Hilary surmises, “while He sends the multitudes away and after that He goes up into the mountain to pray, He therein bids us to be within the Church and to be in peril until such time, as returning in His splendor, He shall give salvation to all the people that shall be remaining of Israel, and shall forgive their sins; and having dismissed them into His Father’s kingdom, returning thanks to His Father, He shall sit down in His glory and majesty.  Meanwhile the disciples are tossed by the wind and the waves, struggling against all the storms of this world raised by the opposition of the unclean spirit.”  “When any of a wicked will and of great power,” explains Augustine, “proclaims a persecution of the Church, then it is that a mighty wave rises against the boat of Christ.”  From Blessed Rabanus, we understand:  "…It is well said here that the ship was in the middle of the sea and He alone on the land because the Church is sometimes oppressed with such persecution that her Lord may seem to have forsaken her for a season."[5] 
            Jesus came to His disciples during the fourth watch of the night.  When the disciples saw Jesus coming, walking on the water, they were terrified and cried out.  At this point, other questions come to my mind.  Why is the evangelist telling us about St. Peter?  Neither Mark, Luke, nor John mention Peter's response and attempt to walk on the water to Jesus.  Is St. Matthew trying to tell us that St. Peter had more faith than the rest of them and was willing to get out of his "comfort zone"?  Why did Jesus bid him to "come"?  What would have happened if St. Peter had not fallen?  Would not pride have set in? 
            Let me attempt to answer this question first: Is St. Matthew trying to tell us that St. Peter had more faith than the rest of them and was willing to get out of his "comfort zone"?  When the disciples saw Jesus, they were even more terrified; therefore, He said to them, "It is I; be not afraid."  St. Peter throws out Gideon's fleece:  "Lord, if it is you, bid me come to you on the water."  In my opinion, the boat was not Peter’s “comfort zone.”  He knows that, if it was Jesus, he would be more safe with Jesus than he would be in the boat.  Why did Jesus bid him to “come”?  Jesus bids him to “come” to instill faith and courage, to teach the apostles, and to allow Peter to fall--for humility sake. 
            Placing myself in St. Peter's shoes, I can imagine what I would do.  I am not going to jump out of the boat and begin walking on water.  No way.  I am still not positive that it really is Jesus; therefore, first, I am going to gingerly put one foot on the water to see if the water is going to be firm, firm enough to hold me up.  If it is firm for one foot, I’m going to place the other one on the water.  However, most of my weight is still going to be on the boat—just in case.  You see, St.  Peter said "if it is you;" he did not say, "Lord, since it is you, bid me to come to you."  If the water appears to firm, then I would stand up.  I think that is how the average person would react.
            Another reason why Jesus would have bid Peter to “come:” We must remember that Jesus is not the Head of one person; He is the Head of the Church, a body of people working out of love for God and neighbor.  He is not coming back for a bunch of divided individuals but a unified Church, His Bride, holy and spotless.  Jesus had to get this message across to the apostles, to the Church.  This message Jesus had to get across to the Church at Peter's expense because he was going to be the first leader of the Church.  He must become the most humble.  "He who is to first must become a servant to all.”  St. Jerome states: “[Peter] is left to temptation for a short season that his faith may be increased and that he may understand that he is saved not by his ability to ask but by the power of the Lord.  For faith burned at his heart, but human frailty drew him into the deep.”[6]
            Not only did Jesus want to teach Peter and the others humility; He also desired to strengthen their faith.  St. Augustine remarks: “[Jesus’] coming (walking on the water) was with a wonder.  The waves swelled, but they were trodden upon. Thus, howsoever the powers of this world shall swell themselves, our Head shall crush their head.”[7]  Because He is the Head, the Head of the Church, Jesus is also teaching the apostles that the Church, howsoever the powers of this world shall swell themselves, the Church will also crush their head.  What Christ does, He also has the Church doing.  St. Augustine goes on to say: “That Peter cries to the Lord for help that he should not be drowned, signifies that He shall purge His Church with certain trials even after the last persecution, as Paul also notes, saying, ‘He shall be saved, yet so as by fire’.”[8]  All of this Jesus will later use—after His ascension—to strengthen their faith.
            Why is the evangelist telling us about St. Peter, since neither Mark, Luke, nor John mention Peter's response and attempt to walk on the water to Jesus?  St. Matthew stresses the Kingdom of God, which in this world is the Church.  Because of this, we also can have comfort and strengthened faith in the fact that we are part of the Church.
            We learn from St Augustine: "In one Apostle, namely Peter--first and chief in the order of Apostles in whom was figured the Church--both kinds [of people] were to be signified, i.e. the strong in his walking upon the waters; the weak in that he doubted--for to each of us our lusts are as a tempest.  Do you love God?  You walk on the sea; the fear of this world is under thy feet.  Do you love the world?  It swallows you up.  But when your heart is tossed with desire, then--that you may overcome your lust--call upon the divine person of Christ."[9] 
            St. Matthew does not relate this story to tell his listeners that they need to get out of their "comfort zones" or that, "in order to walk on water they need to get out of the boat."  These things, if we think we are doing them, promotes pride, not humility, when we do them.  He desires to instill faith and confidence in Christ and His Church.  He desires to teach us that it is Christ who sends us out to face adversity, and we need to recall that, when He does, He will be there to sustain us.  If we fall, we have recourse to Him, His Church, and the Sacraments.  We work better in the gifts that God has given us.  That is our “comfort zone.”  For example, a dentist should not get out of his comfort zone and do heart surgery.  That is not his gift.  However, if one refers to “comfort zone” as not facing fears, then, yes, we need to get out of our comfort zone.  If being slothful is our “comfort zone,” then, yes, we need to get out of our comfort zone.  Let the Church be our comfort zone, and let us engage in the work of the Church, facing the adversities of the Church when they arise.  Sometimes these adversities will seem to be just on a personal level; however, when one part of the human body is diseased, the entire body is attacked.  This is the same in the Church.  Therefore, Christ will be there for us to strengthen us and save us.  If we happen to fail, He has given us the Sacraments.  He will put us back in the boat also.
            The boat portrays the Church, which also takes us back to Noah’s ark and the Flood.  Christ will cause the Church to rise above the waves.  The waves cannot overwhelm Her.  What did Jesus do when Peter began to sink and cried out?  Why, He put him back in the boat.  The evangelist is not focusing on what Peter did; he is focused on what Christ is doing.  He wants our minds on Christ and His Church, and He will protect Her and Her members.  Once again, he desires to instill faith and confidence in us.  It is for this purpose that the Church fathers keep emphasizing the Church when commenting on this passage.  Let us enter Her.  In Her is LIFE, Christ.  We will survive.




[1] New American Bible, Revised Edition., (Washington, DC: The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011), Mt 14:25–32.
[2] Aquinas, Thomas. Catena Aurea - Gospel of Matthew - Enhanced Version (Kindle Locations 10075-10077). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition.
[3] New American Bible, Revised Edition., (Washington, DC: The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011), Mt 14:22.
[4] Aquinas, Thomas. Catena Aurea - Gospel of Matthew - Enhanced Version (Kindle Locations 10077-10079, 10081-10083, 10085-10086). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition.
[5] Ibid., (Kindle Locations 10143-10153). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition. 
[6] Ibid., (Kindle Locations 10119-10121). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition
[7] Ibid., (Kindle Locations 10159-10160). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition
[8] Ibid., (Kindle Locations 10166-10167). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition
[9] Ibid., (Kindle Locations 10178-10182). Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Kindle Edition

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